Tax

Recent Tax Developments That May Affect Your Tax Situation

2017-10-25 | by Gene B. Reynolds, CPA

Dear clients,

The following is a summary of important tax developments that have occurred in the past three months that may affect you, your family, your investments, and your livelihood. Please call us for more information about any of these developments and what steps you should implement to take advantage of favorable developments and to minimize the impact of those that are unfavorable.

President Trump and Key Lawmakers Reveal Tax Reform Plan

The Trump Administration and select members of Congress have released a “unified framework” for tax reform. The document provides more detail than a number of other tax reform documents that have emerged from the Administration over the past few months, but it still leaves many specifics to be worked out by the tax-writing committees.

Plan provisions affecting individuals would:

• increase the standard deduction to $24,000 for married taxpayers filing jointly, and $12,000 for single filers
• eliminate the personal exemption and the additional standard deductions for older/blind taxpayers
• reduce the number of tax brackets from seven to three: 12%, 25%, and 35%
• increase the child tax credit
• repeal the individual alternative minimum tax
• largely eliminate itemized deductions, but retain the home mortgage interest and charitable contribution deductions and
• repeal both the estate tax and generation-skipping transfer tax

Plan provisions affecting businesses would:

• provide a maximum 25% tax rate for “small” and family-owned businesses conducted as a sole proprietorship, partnerships and S corporations
• reduce the corporate tax to 20% (down from the current top rate of 35%)
• provide full expensing for five years
• partially limit the deduction for net interest expense incurred by C corporations
• repeal most deductions and credits, but retain the research and low-income housing credits
• modernize special tax rules that apply to certain industries and sectors
• provide a 100% exemption for dividends from foreign subsidiaries and
• to protect the U.S. tax base, tax the foreign profits of U.S. multinational corporations at a reduced rate and on a global basis.

Disaster Tax Relief Legislation

On September 29, President Trump signed into law the “Disaster Tax Relief and Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2017” (P.L. 115-63). The Act provides temporary tax relief to victims of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria. Relief for individuals, among other things, loosened restrictions for claiming personal casualty losses, tax-favored withdrawals from retirement plans, and the option of using current or prior year’s income for purposes of claiming the earned income and child tax credits. Businesses that qualify for relief may claim a new “employee retention tax credit” of 40% of up to $6,000 of “qualified wages” paid by employers affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria (for a maximum credit of $2,400 per employee). In addition to the new law, IRS granted specific administrative hurricane relief, for example, extending various deadlines, encouraging leave-based donation programs for hurricane victims, and allowing retirement plans to make hardship distributions.

Simplified Per-Diem Increase For Post-Sept. 30, 2017 Travel

An employer may pay a per-diem amount to an employee on business-travel status instead of reimbursing actual substantiated expenses for away-from-home lodging, meal and incidental expenses (M&E). If the rate paid doesn’t exceed the IRS-approved maximums, and the employee provides simplified substantiation, the reimbursement isn’t subject to income- or payroll-tax withholding and isn’t reported on the employee’s Form W-2. Instead of using actual per-diems, employers may use a simplified “high-low” per-diem, under which there is one uniform per-diem rate for all other areas within CONUS. The IRS released the “high-low” simplified per-diem rate for post-Sept. 30, 2017, travel. Under the optional high-low method for post-Sept. 30,2017 travel, the high-cost-area per diem is $284 (up from $282), consisting of $216 for lodging and $68 for M&IE. The per-diem for all other localities is $191 (up from $189), consisting of $134 for lodging and $57 for M&IE.

Honest Mistake No Excuse For Incorrectly Claimed Advance Premium Tax Credit
In what appears to be the first case of its kind- although others are likely to follow- the Tax Court ruled that taxpayers who didn’t qualify for the premium tax credit under the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) because their modified adjusted gross income exceeded 400% of the federal poverty level had to repay all of the advance premium tax credit paid on their behalf to their insurer. A sympathetic Tax Court noted that while their state health insurance Marketplace may have incorrectly informed the taxpayers that they were eligible for the credit for 2014, the Court’s hands were tied by the Code and regs. The simple fact was that the taxpayers’ income exceeded eligible levels and that they had to repay the advance premium tax credit payments.

Safe Harbor For Financially Distressed Homeowners Extended

The IRS has extended through 2021 guidance on the tax consequences of programs that involve payments made to or on behalf of financially distressed homeowners, including a safe harbor method for computing a homeowner’s deduction for payments made on a home mortgage. For tax years 2010 through 2021, an eligible homeowner (i.e. one who meets requirements of Code Sec. 163 (dealing with deducting interest) and Code Sec. 164 (dealing with deducting taxes), and participates in a State program in which the program payments could be used to pay interest on the home mortgage) may deduct the lesser of: (1) the sum of all payments on the home mortgage that the homeowner actually makes during a tax year to the mortgage servicers or the State housing finance agency; or (2) the sum of amounts shown on Form 1098, Mortgage Interest Statement, for mortgage interest received, real property taxes, and, if deductible for the tax year, mortgage insurance premiums. (The deduction for mortgage insurance premiums under Code Sec 163(h)(3)(E) expired at the end of 2016, but is one of those tax provisions that have been repeatedly extended in the past). The IRS has also extended the penalty relief related to information reporting for mortgage servicers and state housing finance agencies.

If you have questions about any of the above tax developments, please do not hesitate to contact us.

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